Nursing Jurisprudence and Ethics for Texas Nurses Practice Exam

How should a nurse handle a patient with diminished capacity to consent?

1. Administer treatment without consent

2. Obtain consent from a legally authorized representative

3. Wait for the patient's condition to improve

4. Contact family members for their views only

The correct answer is: Obtain consent from a legally authorized representative

When dealing with a patient who has diminished capacity to consent, obtaining consent from a legally authorized representative is the appropriate action. This aligns with the ethical and legal principles guiding nursing practice, which emphasize respect for patient autonomy and the necessity of informed consent before proceeding with any treatment. In situations where a patient cannot fully comprehend the information necessary to make informed decisions about their care due to cognitive impairments, medical conditions, or other limitations, it is crucial to involve a legally authorized representative. This representative could be a family member, guardian, or other designated individual who is recognized by law to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the patient. By obtaining consent from this representative, the nurse ensures that the patient’s rights are upheld and that any treatment decisions align with the patient’s values and best interests. The other choices do not adhere to legal and ethical standards. Administering treatment without consent undermines the patient's autonomy and can lead to legal consequences for the nurse and healthcare facility. Waiting for the patient's condition to improve might not be feasible, as urgent treatment may be necessary, and reliance solely on family members' opinions does not replace the need for legally recognized consent.